ID), 'full'); //$current_post_id = get_the_ID(); ?>

Best Pulmonology and Allergy Hospital in Rajkot

Pulmonology and allergy hospitals in Rajkot provide specialised care for respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, COPD, and asthma. Consultation with an experienced pulmonologist in Rajkot leads to an accurate diagnosis and an effective, personalised treatment plan. These hospitals are equipped with state-of-the-art technology to treat and manage simple to complex respiratory conditions.

Quick Links

Book an appointment

Find a doctor

Book a health Checkup

Overview

HCG Hospitals excels in pulmonology and allergy care; the expert team here specialises in offering comprehensive treatment for respiratory conditions such as COPD, chronic asthma, infections, lung cancer, and other conditions associated with the respiratory system. AT HCG Hospitals, Rajkot, we have some of the best lung specialists in Rajkot, who offer comprehensive management and treatment plans through an individualised and patient-focussed approach. Equipped with state-of-the-art technology, HCG Hospitals strives to deliver an effective, safe, and comfortable treatment experience for patients. With a special focus on improving the quality of life for patients, HCG focuses on becoming a trusted choice for pulmonology and allergy care in Rajkot.

Our Services

Diagnosis, counselling, and treatment of asthma, severe asthma, difficult-to-treat asthma, and steroid-dependent asthma

COPD diagnosis and treatment (breathlessness due to smoking, fumes, or smog)

Allergy-related disorders (asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria) with immunotherapy and allergen avoidance counselling

Skin prick allergy testing for allergens like pollen, dust, fungus, and food

Video bronchoscopy for infection diagnosis and biopsy for malignancy

Medical thoracoscopy for pleural effusions, adhesiolysis, and interstitial lung disease diagnosis

Swine flu diagnosis, isolation, and ICU treatment

Pulmonary function tests for lung volume and capacity measurement

Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic respiratory illness patients

Diagnosis and treatment of sleep and snoring disorders, including obstructive sleep apnoea

TB, MDR/XDR TB diagnosis, treatment, and isolation/ICU care

Lung cancer diagnosis and treatment

Schedule an appointment with our doctors on your healing journey.

Book An Appointment

Facilities

Advanced high-definition video bronchoscopy system - Olympus

Rigid medical thoracoscopy facility

Skin prick allergy testing for allergens like pollen, dust, fungus, and food

Pulmonary rehabilitation centre

Transthoracic lung biopsy by automated and semi-automated gun-bard

Our Expert Doctors

See All

Key Procedures

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes coughing, sneezing, fever and difficulty breathing. Treatment includes medications and supportive care to help maintain normal lung function and overall health.

Occupational Lung Diseases

Occupational lung diseases are caused by exposure to hazardous materials such as dust, fumes, or chemicals in the workplace. Early diagnosis and treatment help prevent progression and promote good respiratory health.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

COPD includes progressive lung diseases such as emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, requiring treatments like bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle modifications for symptom management and improved quality of life.

Bronchoscopy

Bronchoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a sensitive tube to visualise the airways and lungs. It helps identify diseases, tumours, or blockages, provides more accurate diagnoses, and guides effective treatment strategies.

Asthma

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterised by airway inflammation, wheezing, and shortness of breath. It is managed with inhalers, medications and trigger avoidance, allowing patients to maintain an active and healthy lifestyle.

Pleuroscopy

Pleuroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure to examine the lung space around the lungs, identify conditions such as pleural effusions or infections, and collect tissue samples for further testing.

Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension is an increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, causing shortness of breath and fatigue. Medications, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms and improve cardiopulmonary function.

Sleep Study (Polysomnography)

Sleep analysis (polysomnography) examines rest and other sleep disorders by monitoring brain activity, breathing, oxygen levels and heart rate. It provides the insight needed to better diagnose and treat sleep-related health issues effectively.

Interstitial Lung Diseases

Interstitial lung diseases injure the lungs, causing stiffness and difficulty in breathing. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, slowing progress, and improving quality of life with medication and supportive care.

Thoracentesis

Thoracentesis is a medical procedure in which excess fluid is removed from the pleural space around the chest. It relieves symptoms of chest pain and shortness of breath, as well as helping to diagnose underlying conditions.

Intercostal Drainage Tube Insertion

The insertion of an intercostal drainage tube removes air, fluid, or phlegm from the lungs to treat conditions such as bronchospasm or pleural effusion, restore lung function and effectively prevent respiratory complications.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a viral infection that affects the lungs, causing coughing, fever and weight loss. Treatment consists of long-term antibiotics to eradicate the infection and prevent complications.

Allergic Testing and Immunotherapy

Allergic testing identifies specific allergens that cause respiratory problems. Immunotherapy involves retraining the immune system, which helps in reducing allergies and improving long-term respiratory health.

Why Choose HCG Hospitals, Rajkot, for Pulmonology and Allergy Care?

HCG Hospitals excel in pulmonology and allergy care, offering comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of respiratory conditions such as asthma, COPD, and pneumonia, and malignant conditions like lung cancer. HCG is recognised as the best pulmonology and allergy hospital in Rajkot. HCG combines state-of-the-art technology with a patient-centred approach. We have some of the best pulmonologists in the city as part of our expert team, who employ a personalised approach to manage and treat lung and allergy problems. With a focus on improving quality of life, HCG Hospitals is a trusted healthcare provider of comprehensive respiratory care. To get in touch with the best pulmonologist in Rajkot, visit HCG Hospitals, Rajkot, today.

View other Departments

Accident and Emergency

Anaesthesiology

Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine

Cardiac Care

Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery

Critical Care

Dentistry

Dermatology

ENT Surgery

Gastroenterology and Gastrosurgery

General Surgery

Infectious Diseases

Internal Medicine and Diabetes

Nephrocare

Neurocare

Onco Surgery

Ophthalmology

Orthopaedic and Joint Replacement Surgery

Pain Management

Pathology

Physiotherapy

Plastic Surgery

Preventive Healthcare

Psychiatry

Pulmonology and Chest Disease

Urology and Uro Onco Care

Patients Stories / Testimonials

Mr. Sanjaybhai

Covid-19

Treated by:

HCG Hospitals, Ahmedabad

Mr. Sureshbhai

Covid-19

Treated by:

HCG Hospitals, Ahmedabad

Ms. Avniben Bhatt

Covid-19

Treated by:

HCG Hospitals, Ahmedabad

Mrs. Anne Bhide

Covid-19

Treated by:

HCG Hospitals, Ahmedabad

Mrs. Savitaben

Covid-19

Treated by:

HCG Hospitals, Ahmedabad

Relevant Blogs

Introduction

You may have come across hundreds of posts and videos on YouTube and other social media platforms explaining how iron deficiency can hamper normal body function and cause various complications.

Iron deficiency is a common condition among the Indian population, especially women. Menstruation, pregnancy, and certain lifestyle habits are key reasons for iron deficiency in women. In the early stages, this condition may not cause any symptoms. However, as the deficiency becomes severe, women may begin to experience various symptoms.

Hence, seeking care and promptly addressing this deficiency is crucial for maintaining optimum health.

In this blog, we’ll break down everything you need to know—from the early symptoms of iron deficiency to the best ways to treat and prevent it.

What is Iron Deficiency?

Iron is a vital mineral that allows oxygen to be transported into the blood. It is also a key component of haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen and transports it to the rest of the body from the lungs. Too little iron prevents the body from producing sufficient healthy red blood cells, leading to iron deficiency.

Causes of iron deficiency may include inadequate intake, poor absorption, or chronic blood loss. The body stores iron within muscles, bone marrow, and organs like the liver; however, these reserve supplies may also start to dwindle if demand for iron remains high with little in return.

If not treated, low levels of iron in women can worsen and lead to iron deficiency anaemia. This condition significantly impairs oxygen delivery to tissues, resulting in fatigue, shortness of breath, heart issues, cognitive issues, an increased susceptibility to infections, and pregnancy complications.

Early Signs of Iron Deficiency Women Shouldn’t Ignore

Early-Signs-of-Iron-Deficiency-Women-Shouldn’t-Ignore

Many women dismiss the symptoms of iron deficiency as common fatigue or stress, but ignoring these warning signs can be dangerous. Here are the early signs of iron deficiency that women should pay close attention to:

Persistent fatigue and weakness even after a full night’s sleep
Pale or dull skin tone, particularly on the face, inner eyelids, or lips
Shortness of breath, especially during mild physical activity
Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
Frequent headaches or dizziness
Cold hands and feet, due to poor circulation
Hair loss or thinning
Brittle nails and spoon-shaped nails
Unusual cravings, like ice, clay, or starch (pica)

Some women may also have mood changes, a foggy brain, and irritability. One must know how to identify various signs of iron deficiency and seek timely treatment to reduce the risk of serious complications.

Causes of Iron Deficiency in Women

Knowing why someone lacks iron is important for creating a unique way of helping them treat the problem. The following are the common causes of iron deficiency in women:

1. Menstruation

Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding is one of the leading causes of low iron levels in women. Each menstrual cycle can deplete iron, especially if not replenished through diet or supplements.

2. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

During pregnancy, the body’s iron requirement increases to support foetal growth, placental development, and increased blood volume. Iron is also passed to the baby through breast milk, further depleting maternal stores.

3. Dietary Deficiency

Women who follow a vegetarian, vegan, or restrictive diet may not get sufficient iron, as iron from plant-based sources (non-heme iron) is harder for the body to absorb.

4. Gastrointestinal Conditions

Issues like coeliac disease, Crohn’s disease, or gastric bypass surgery can impair the body’s ability to absorb iron efficiently.

5. Chronic Blood Loss

Conditions such as ulcers, polyps, or even frequent blood donation can lead to chronic blood (and iron) loss over time.

Understanding these causes helps in determining the right treatment strategy. Women who experience any combination of these symptoms should consider regular checkups at HCG, the best multispecialty hospital in India for preventive care.

Who’s Most at Risk for Iron Deficiency?

Certain populations are at higher risk for iron deficiency. These include:

Teenage girls with irregular or heavy periods
Pregnant or postpartum women
Women with a history of anaemia or nutritional deficiencies
Vegetarians or vegans
Endurance athletes, especially runners, due to gastrointestinal blood loss and increased iron turnover
Women with chronic diseases, such as kidney disease or gastrointestinal disorders

If you fall into any of these groups, regular screening for iron deficiency is essential to reduce the risk of various complications.

How to Diagnose Iron Deficiency Quickly

Early diagnosis is crucial for the effective management of iron deficiency. Fortunately, the diagnosis of iron deficiency in women is done through simple blood tests:

Complete Blood Count (CBC): Measures red blood cell count and haemoglobin.
Serum Ferritin: Reflects the amount of stored iron in the body. Low levels indicate iron deficiency.
Serum Iron and Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC): Evaluate how much iron is in your blood and how well it binds to transport proteins.
Transferrin Saturation: Measures the percentage of transferrin (a protein) bound to iron.

Many hospitals and clinics offer same-day results, enabling quicker interventions.

For accurate testing and expert care, you may visit a nearby hospital, which has experienced haematologists or general physicians who can help you receive proper care.

Fast & Effective Ways to Fix Iron Deficiency

Thankfully, there are many ways to correct low iron levels in women and regain optimal health. Your treatment may include:

1. Iron-Rich Diet

Consume foods high in heme iron (easier to absorb), such as:

Red meat (beef, lamb)
Poultry (chicken, turkey)
Liver and organ meats
Shellfish (clams, oysters)

For plant-based options:

Legumes (lentils, chickpeas)
Leafy greens (spinach, kale)
Fortified cereals and grains
Pumpkin seeds, tofu, and quinoa

Pair iron-rich meals with vitamin C (like citrus fruits or tomatoes) to enhance absorption of this mineral.

2. Iron Supplements

Iron pills or capsules are commonly recommended for a fast increase in iron levels.

Iron supplements should be taken with medical advice, as too much iron can lead to vomiting, constipation, and organ damage.

3. Intravenous (IV) Iron Therapy

IV iron infusions may be recommended in cases of moderate to severe iron deficiency.

IV iron therapy is administered under medical supervision, usually at advanced facilities.

At HCG Hospitals, one of the best multispeciality hospitals in India, we offer various treatment approaches, including IV iron therapy, for iron deficiency management.

4. Address Underlying Conditions

If your iron loss is due to menstrual cycles, gastrointestinal bleeding, or a chronic condition, managing the root cause is essential for long-term improvement.

Conclusion

Iron deficiency in women is a common but often underdiagnosed condition that can significantly affect energy, immunity, and daily functioning. Recognising the symptoms of iron deficiency early on allows for prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

It is possible to replenish the iron levels through diet change, supplementation, and infusion therapy.

Contact the top multispecialty hospitals in India, like HCG Hospitals, for a precise diagnosis, individualised care, and continuing support.

Introduction

We all have someone in our family with knee pain, back pain, or shoulder pain.

What begins as occasional discomfort gradually starts to impact day-to-day activities and hinder overall well-being. At times, this pain can be so debilitating that it can cause patients to become bedridden.

Pain medications may provide temporary relief for them; however, they are not a permanent solution.

So, what is the solution to this? Could focusing on improving bone health be the key to tackling this problem? Read more to find out.

Prevalence of Orthopaedic Problems in India

Many studies suggest that Indians are predisposed to poor bone health, and there are multiple reasons for this. Vitamin D and calcium deficiency, smaller skeletal size, lifestyle factors, socioeconomic factors, increasing age, and lack of awareness can contribute to poor bone health and increased prevalence of various orthopaedic conditions among Indians.

Let’s explore the top 10 most common orthopaedic conditions, their symptoms, and available treatments.

10 Most Common Orthopaedic Conditions and Their Treatments

The following are some of the most common orthopaedic problems in India. The prevalence may slightly vary among different age groups. The key to effectively managing these conditions lies in finding the right orthopaedic specialist who carefully evaluates the case and recommends individualised treatment approaches.

1. Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common orthopaedic conditions, especially in older individuals. It develops when the cartilage in the joints wears out over time.

This condition results in pain, stiffness, and swelling. This condition is commonly seen in the joints of the knees, hips, and hands.

Treatment: Weight management, physiotherapy, pain medications, and joint replacement surgery when the above treatment fails.

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis

This autoimmune bone and joint disorder causes inflammation of the lining of the joints, leading to pain and deformity in the joints. Unlike osteoarthritis, it can affect people of any age and usually impacts multiple joints.

Treatment: Anti-inflammatory medications, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and physical therapy.

3. Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis, a silent disease weakening bones and making them fragile, is prone to fractures. It mainly occurs in postmenopausal women and older adults.

Treatment: Calcium and vitamin D supplementation, lifestyle modification, drugs to improve bone density, and weight-bearing exercises.

4. Tendinitis

Tendinitis is the inflammation or irritation of the tendons, thick fibrous cords attaching muscle to bone. Common sites include the shoulder (rotator cuff), the elbow (tennis elbow), and the heel (Achilles tendon).

Treatment: Rest, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid injections, and physiotherapy.

5. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

This condition compresses the median nerve in the wrist, leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand.
Treatment: Wrist splints, ergonomic adjustments, corticosteroid injections, or surgical release if symptoms persist.

6. Fractures

Fractures, or broken bones, arise from trauma, falls, or weakened bones due to conditions such as osteoporosis.

Treatment: Ground immobilisation through various external devices, such as casts or braces; surgical stabilisation, including rods or plates; and a course of physical therapy.

7. Dislocations

Joint dislocations occur when bones are displaced from their normal position. Shoulders, fingers, elbows, and knees are commonly affected.
Treatment: Manual repositioning (reduction), immobilisation, pain relief, and rehabilitation exercises.

8. Bursitis

Bursitis refers to the inflammation of tiny, fluid-filled sacs known as bursae. These sac-like structures are distributed where there are close interactions, such as over joints - for instance, near the hips, knees, or elbows.

Treatment: Rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medication, physical therapy, and, in certain cases, aspiration of excess fluid.

9. Herniated Disc

Herniation of the disc occurs when the soft pad of tissue between the little bones of the spine pushes outward to press upon nearby nerves, causing pain in the neck or back.

Treatment: Pain medications, physical therapy, epidural steroid injections, and, in some cases, surgery.

10. ACL Tears (Anterior Cruciate Ligament)

ACL injuries are common in athletes and involve tearing one of the major ligaments in the knee. Symptoms include a popping sound, swelling, and instability.

Treatment: Rest, bracing, physical therapy, and surgery in cases of complete ligament rupture.

Orthopaedic Treatment Options

Treatments for common orthopaedic problems are recommended depending on severity, age, lifestyle, and associated comorbidities. Fortunately, experience in the orthopaedic treatment field has enabled better recovery and improved outcome success than ever before.

Here are some of the key treatment approaches:

1. Medication Management

Bone and joint disorders are treated with anti-inflammatory medications, painkillers, corticosteroids, and disease-modifying drugs (especially in arthritis and autoimmune disorders).

2. Physical Therapy

Physical therapy plays a pivotal role in joint and bone care. It restores strength, flexibility, and joint functions. Its principal application is in post-surgical or post-injury rehabilitation.

3. Minimally Invasive Surgery

Procedures like arthroscopy, spine fusion, etc., allow surgeons to diagnose and treat orthopaedic conditions with smaller incisions, resulting in faster recovery and less pain.

4. Joint Replacement Surgery

In cases of advanced osteoarthritis, orthopaedic specialists often consider joint replacement surgery for joints of the hips and knees. This positively impacts the quality of life for patients.

5. Lifestyle and Preventive Care

Managing weight, staying active, practicing good posture, and taking appropriate supplements can help prevent or slow down many common orthopaedic problems.

Choosing the Right Orthopaedic Specialist

Choosing the right orthopaedic specialist is essential for accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment. Choosing the best orthopaedic hospital is also equally important.

As a leading orthopaedic hospital in Bhavnagar, HCG Hospitals offers patient-centred care for various orthopaedic conditions. The hospital is equipped with modern diagnostic and treatment facilities and a team of highly experienced experts to create a seamless treatment experience for patients.

When selecting a hospital, consider factors such as:

Experience and specialisation of the orthopaedic specialists
Availability of modern diagnostic tools and surgical facilities
Feedback from patients who have received treatment there
Hospital accreditation
Post-treatment support and physiotherapy services

Conclusion

Orthopaedic conditions can drastically affect one's quality of life, but early diagnosis and proper orthopaedic management can lead to recovery in most patients or, at least, reduce the severity of symptoms. Learning about different bone and joint disorders, their risk factors, symptoms, treatment options available, and their preventive measures is the first step toward maintaining optimum bone health.

In the case of bone-related symptoms such as pain and swelling, one must see an orthopaedic specialist for necessary care and support.

How to Strengthen Your Lungs Against Seasonal Airborne Infections

Understanding Seasonal Airborne Infections

In India, people usually get sick with coughs, colds, fevers, and breathing issues during the change of seasons.

The risk of catching seasonal airborne infections is becoming higher lately, whether it is because of winter smog in Delhi or spring pollens in Bengaluru.

Airborne viruses and bacteria cause these infections. One sneeze in a packed bus or a cough in the market is enough for the germs to spread. Inhaling such particles into your lungs may cause anything from mild irritation to serious infections like bronchitis or pneumonia.

Why Lung Strength Matters

In addition to breathing, the lungs have the important function of safeguarding the optimum functioning of the body. With strength and good health, they can remove the waste, fight against diseases, and promote overall well-being.

Unfortunately, Indian cities regularly report PM2.5 levels far above WHO-recommended limits. Breathing in polluted air every day—especially during the winter months when smog blankets cities like Delhi, Lucknow, and Kanpur—puts a heavy load on your lungs.

In addition, the use of cigarettes (including secondhand smoke), indoor burning of incense and mosquito coils, and outdoor waste burning are some of the habits that make many Indians experience respiratory diseases, chronic coughs, or infections often.

This makes it vital for every Indian, especially those living in metro cities, to focus on strengthening their lungs, not just for better breathing but for better protection against seasonal airborne diseases.

Common Airborne Infections That Affect Your Lungs in India

Here are some of the most common infections that Indian residents face with the changing seasons:

Influenza (Flu): Common during the winter and monsoon seasons. It spreads rapidly through the air and through close contact.

COVID-19 and Variants: Due to a sudden rise in cases of a new strain, the COVID-19 virus remains a threat to respiratory health and can cause various complications.

Tuberculosis (TB): India has one of the highest burdens of TB in the world. TB is airborne and especially dangerous in crowded or poorly ventilated homes.
Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma: Dust, mould, and pollen are common triggers, particularly in cities with high construction activity.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): While not widely discussed, this virus affects many infants and the elderly, often causing serious lung infections.

Recognising symptoms early—such as persistent cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, or chest tightness—is key. Timely interventions can prevent complications.

Proven Ways to Strengthen Your Lungs

Proven-Ways-to-Strengthen-Your-Lungs

Strengthening your lungs doesn’t require fancy equipment or expensive treatments. These proven, accessible methods work well and are easily incorporated into a typical Indian lifestyle:

Pranayama and Yogic Breathing: The ancient Indian breathing techniques Anulom Vilom and Bhramari are great for increasing the amount of air that can be inhaled into the lungs and for unblocking the nose. Practicing them daily can significantly improve respiratory health.
Daily Walking or Cycling: Avoid crowded gyms—opt for early morning walks in parks or residential areas with cleaner air. Physical activity strengthens your lungs and improves oxygen usage.
Quit Smoking and Tobacco Chewing: Smoking bidis, cigarettes, or hookah—and even passive smoke exposure—can permanently damage your lungs. Quitting is the most impactful step for respiratory health.
Steam Inhalation with Tulsi or Eucalyptus: An age-old Indian remedy, steam inhalation helps clear nasal congestion and supports lung detox. Add tulsi leaves or eucalyptus oil for added benefit.
Eat Lung-Friendly Foods: Include turmeric milk (haldi doodh), amla, ginger, garlic, and fruits like oranges and guavas in your diet. These are rich in antioxidants and vitamin C.
Hydration with Herbal Teas: Warm fluids help loosen mucus in the lungs. Herbal teas made with tulsi, mulethi, or cinnamon can also soothe irritated airways.

Protecting Your Lungs from Pollutants and Irritants

India faces pollution issues year-round, not just during Diwali. Cities like Delhi NCR, Mumbai, and Kolkata, along with some Tier-2 cities, have high levels of PM10 and PM2.5 particles. These fine particles can be inhaled into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, posing serious health risks.

Protect yourself by:

Wearing N95 Masks: Especially during smoggy days or when commuting by bike or public transport.
Checking AQI Apps Before Outdoor Activity: Apps like SAFAR and AQI India provide real-time air quality updates. Avoid outdoor exercise when the AQI is poor.
Using Indoor Plants and Purifiers: Snake plants, aloe vera, and peace lilies can improve indoor air quality. Air purifiers with HEPA filters are useful for city homes.
Avoiding Indoor Smoke: Reconsider frequent use of agarbatti, dhoop, or mosquito coils indoors. Opt for natural repellents and ensure good ventilation.

If you live in an area with poor air quality or work in an industrial zone, regular lung checkups are highly recommended.

Strengthen Immunity for Lung Protection

Your immune system is your body's security force, especially important for lung protection during high-risk seasons.

Here's how to strengthen immunity using common Indian practices:

Boost with Kadha or Herbal Decoctions: A mix of tulsi, ginger, black pepper, and mulethi boiled in water is a traditional immunity booster in many Indian homes.
Eat Balanced, Homemade Meals: Minimise processed foods and maximise seasonal vegetables, whole grains, and pulses.
Get Vaccinated: Flu shots, COVID-19 boosters, and pneumonia vaccines are available at most government and private hospitals. Don't skip them if you're in a vulnerable group.
Ensure Adequate Sleep: In fast-paced urban India, sleep is often sacrificed. Try to get at least 7–8 hours daily for optimal immune function.
Manage Stress with Yoga or Meditation: High stress lowers immunity. Spending even 15 minutes a day meditating can keep your immune response strong.

At HCG Hospitals, one of the well-known multispecialty hospitals in India, we have packages for preventing diseases. Regular health checkups are essential for the elderly and patients suffering from illnesses such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and asthma, as they contain spirometry, immunisation counselling, and individual fitness schedule plans.

Conclusion

In a country as diverse—and often densely populated—as India, the risk of seasonal airborne infections is higher than in many parts of the world. But the solution lies not only in avoiding exposure but also in improving your lung health and immune system.

You can manage your breathing health completely by combining ancient Indian health practices such as pranayama, kadha, and a healthy diet with contemporary medical advice and regular preventive examinations.

If you or a family member frequently suffers from colds, breathlessness, or chest infections, don’t ignore the signs. Visit HCG, a reputed multispecialty hospital in India, for a detailed respiratory assessment and preventive care plan.

What is a Kidney Stone?

A kidney stone is a hard deposit of minerals & acid salts that forms in the kidney.

When high levels of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid in the urine crystallise, it leads to the development of uric acid stones.

Although tiny kidney stones can pass through the urinary tract with little or no pain, bigger ones may cause intense pain and discomfort.

Kidney stones are common and affect millions of people worldwide. They can vary in size, shape, and composition, with some being as small as a grain of sand and others growing to the size of a golf ball. If not treated, kidney stones can cause infections and harm the kidneys; therefore, timely kidney stone diagnosis and kidney stone treatment are crucial.

Anyone can get kidney stones, although some people are at higher risk. Their formation is influenced by various factors, including lifestyle, genetics, and underlying medical conditions, which play a significant role in their formation.

Understanding these factors can help in both early kidney stone diagnosis and preventive care, reducing the likelihood of recurrent kidney stones in susceptible individuals.

What are the Symptoms of Kidney Stones?

The size and position of kidney stones determine the signs. There are times when certain stones block the ureter and do not show any symptoms in the kidney, but this leads to intense pain as well as discomfort. Some common signs are:

Intense pain in the back, side, or lower abdomen (renal colic)
Pain that radiates to the groin or lower stomach
Blood in the urine (hematuria), which may appear pink, red, or brown
Frequent urge to urinate
Painful urination (dysuria)
Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
Nausea and vomiting
Fever and chills (if an infection is present)

Pain from kidney stones can come in waves and fluctuate in intensity, often making it difficult for individuals to find a comfortable position. The presence of stones may obstruct urine passage, thus predisposing the individual to other problems like UTI or hydronephrosis.

If you experience severe pain or other concerning symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly to prevent complications.

What Causes Kidney Stones?

Several factors contribute to the formation of kidney stones. The primary causes of kidney stones include:

1. Dehydration

Lack of adequate water intake can lead to concentrated urine, increasing the risk of crystal formation and kidney stone development.

2. Dietary Factors

Certain foods can contribute to kidney stone formation, such as those high in oxalates (e.g., spinach, beets, nuts), excessive salt, and high-protein diets, especially non-vegetarian food substances.

3. Family History and Genetics

A family history of kidney stones increases the likelihood of developing them.

4. Medical Conditions

Certain health conditions, including obesity, diabetes, and urinary tract infections, can increase the risk of kidney stones.

5. Medications and Supplements

Certain drugs, like diuretics and excessive amounts of vitamin D and calcium, as well as antacids with calcium, can contribute to kidney stone formation.

Kidney stones can form when the body fails to process minerals properly due to hormonal imbalances and metabolic disorders. Moreover, people who have undergone gastric bypass surgery or have long-term digestive disorders may also have altered nutrient absorption, which makes them more likely to develop kidney stones.

How Are Kidney Stones Diagnosed?

If kidney stones are suspected, your doctor will need a confirmed kidney stone diagnosis with detailed information, such as the size and location of the stone.

Commonly recommended tests for kidney stone diagnosis include:

1. Medical History and Physical Examination

Your doctor will review your medical history, symptoms, and any underlying conditions that may contribute to kidney stones.

2. Urinalysis

A urine test can detect blood, minerals, and infections, providing insight into the composition of kidney stones.

3. Imaging Tests

CT Scan (Computed Tomography): A gold standard imaging technique for detecting kidney stones of all sizes.
Ultrasound: A non-invasive option often used in pregnancy and for those who cannot undergo radiation-based scans.
X-rays: Less commonly used, but can detect certain kidney stone types.
Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP): A special dye is injected before X-rays to highlight kidney stones and blockages. However, this test is outdated, and CT is considered a better option.

4. Blood Tests

Blood tests can help identify high levels of calcium, uric acid, or other substances that may contribute to kidney stone formation.

Treatment Options for Kidney Stones

Kidney stone treatment depends on the kidney stone type, size, and severity of symptoms. Common options available for kidney stone treatment include:

1. Conservative Management for Small Stones

Increased Fluid Intake: Drinking plenty of water can help flush out small kidney stones.
Pain Relievers: Painkillers may help, but consuming high doses of these medications can be harmful; therefore, one should be careful while taking these medications.
Alpha Blockers: These medications relax the ureter muscles, making it easier for stones to pass naturally, only when the stones are in the ureter.

2. Medical Procedures for Larger Stones

If the kidney stone is too large or causes significant pain, medical intervention may be necessary.

Laser Surgery: It is one of the best treatments available for renal calculi. Stones located anywhere in the kidney, ureter, and bladder can be removed with a laser surgical procedure. In cases where the stone size is more than 3-4 cm, percutaneous nephrolithotomy may be considered.
Ureteroscopy: A thin scope is inserted into the urethra to remove or break up stones.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A surgical procedure used for large or complex kidney stones.

Preventing Kidney Stones

Preventing kidney stones involves making lifestyle and dietary changes to reduce the risk of stones. Here are some key prevention strategies:

1. Stay Hydrated

Drinking at least 2-3 litres of water daily helps dilute urine and prevent mineral buildup.

2. Adopt a Kidney-Friendly Diet

Reduce intake of oxalate-rich foods (e.g., spinach, rhubarb, nuts, and tea).
Limit salt consumption to lower calcium excretion in urine.
Maintain a balanced intake of calcium from food sources rather than supplements.
Moderate consumption of animal proteins like red meat, poultry, and seafood.

3. Maintain a Healthy Weight

Obesity and metabolic disorders increase the risk of kidney stones. Regular exercise and a balanced diet can help prevent stone formation.

4. Monitor Medications and Supplements

Consult your doctor before taking high doses of calcium, vitamin D, or other supplements that could contribute to kidney stone formation.

5. Seek Regular Medical Check-Ups

If you have a history of kidney stones, routine checkups with a urologist can help manage risk factors.

Conclusion

Kidney stones are a painful yet manageable condition with proper kidney stone treatment and preventive measures. Understanding kidney stone causes, symptoms, and available treatment options can help individuals take proactive steps to maintain kidney health.

Introduction

Millions of individuals globally suffer from prediabetes, a dangerous and unnoticeable illness. It happens when your blood glucose is elevated compared to the standard range. However, it hasn't reached the stage of being identified as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or type 2 diabetes.

Recognising the early signs of prediabetes can help prevent or delay the progression to type 2 diabetes. Whether you're looking for information for yourself or a loved one, knowing these symptoms—and responding to them promptly—can make all the difference.

If you are experiencing signs of prediabetes, consider visiting HCG Hospitals, a leading multispeciality hospital in India for comprehensive diabetic care.

Incidence and Prevalence of Prediabetes in India

A study from 2021 has estimated that India had 101 million people with diabetes and 136 million people with prediabetes.

The prevalence of prediabetes was slightly higher in urban areas, which stood at 15.4%, than in rural areas, which stood at 15.2%.

Early identification and treatment are essential in India, where there is a high prevalence of diabetes, one of the highest in the world.

The Early Warning Signs of Prediabetes

Prediabetes is a condition that may not show symptoms. Therefore, it is often referred to as a "silent" disease.

Nevertheless, there exist some initial signs or symptoms that one should never overlook. Here are some of the most common indicators:

1. Fatigue or Constant Tiredness

Feeling tired all the time for no valid reason may indicate a problem with sugar levels in the body.

Constant tiredness in prediabetics can occur for the following reasons:

Insulin Resistance: The cells become less responsive to insulin, and this makes it difficult for the insulin to transport glucose molecules to the cells for energy production.
Reduced Insulin Production: The pancreas may fail to produce sufficient insulin when there is insulin resistance in the body. This may further hinder the glucose absorption by cells for it to be utilised for energy production.
Hampered Glucose Utilisation: Due to insulin resistance and reduced insulin production, the body ends up having more glucose than normal, especially after a glucose load.
Poor Sleep: Hampered glucose levels lead to poor sleep, which can also be a reason for constant tiredness.

Those who have prediabetes might have constant fatigue that impairs their ability to focus, productivity, and overall quality of life.

Example: You’ve had your coffee, got 8 hours of sleep, but still feel drained by midday—this persistent fatigue could be more than just stress.

2. Blurred Vision

High blood sugar levels can cause the lens to swell, causing distorted vision. This condition can also cause damage to blood vessels in the eyes, which leads to fluid leakage, tissue detachment, and new blood vessel growth, all of which can cause the vision to become blurry.

A blurry vision that is intermittent and affects either one or both eyes could indicate prediabetes and an increased risk of diabetes.

Example: If you notice difficulty reading your phone screen or street signs, and your vision improves and worsens frequently, it’s worth getting your blood sugar checked.

3. Slow-Healing Cuts and Frequent Infections

When blood sugar is high, wounds take longer to heal, and there is a risk of infection. This includes slow healing of minor cuts and bruises as well as increased infections, such as those related to skin, gums, or the urinary tract.

Example: A minor kitchen cut that takes weeks to heal or recurrent yeast infections might be your body’s way of alerting you to elevated glucose levels.

4. Dark Patches on the Skin (Acanthosis Nigricans)

Acanthosis nigricans is a skin disorder that causes thick, dark patches of skin to form in the folds and creases of the body, especially in the neck, armpits, elbows, and knees. It is frequently linked to insulin resistance, which is one of the main signs of prediabetes.

Example: If you notice these patches developing and they don’t lighten with exfoliation or creams, it could indicate insulin sensitivity problems.

5. Increased Thirst and Frequent Urination

One of the body’s natural reactions to high blood sugar is to flush it out through urine. This leads to increased urination, which in turn causes dehydration and excessive thirst. These symptoms often go hand in hand.

Example: If you find yourself waking up multiple times during the night to urinate or constantly needing water, these could be early signs of prediabetes.

6. Unexplained Weight Gain or Weight Loss

Insulin resistance hampers glucose utilisation for energy and promotes lipogenesis. As a result, affected individuals often experience weight problems, which may manifest as abdominal obesity or failure of weight loss strategies even with dietary control as well as physical exercise.

Example: Despite following a balanced diet and being physically active, you’re still gaining weight or unable to shed extra pounds.

7. Tingling or Numbness in Hands or Feet

Nerve damage, which is common in diabetic patients, may start before diabetes. Prickling, insensitivity, or a burning feeling in hands and feet could mean that there is some neuropathy due to elevated hyperglycemia.

Example: You wake up with numb fingers or feel a tingling sensation in your feet after sitting—this shouldn’t be brushed off.

8. Increased Hunger or Cravings for Sugary Foods

If your body cannot use insulin well, you will always feel hungry even after meals and want to eat sweet or starchy food.

Example: You had a full meal, but you’re reaching for a cookie an hour later—this could be linked to fluctuating blood glucose levels.

How to Respond to These Warning Signs

If you’re experiencing any combination of these symptoms, it’s crucial to act early. Here's how:

Schedule a Blood Test: A fasting blood sugar test, an A1C test (also called an HbA1C test), or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) can confirm whether you have prediabetes.
Consult a Specialist: Visit HCG Hospitals, a leading multispecialty hospital in India, for a complete evaluation. This hospital offers comprehensive endocrinology and diabetology services to help diagnose and treat prediabetes early.
Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle:

Diet: Focus on high-fibre, low-glycaemic foods. Limit refined sugars and processed foods.
Exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week.
Weight Management: Losing even 5–7% of your body weight can significantly reduce your risk of progressing to diabetes.

Monitor Regularly: Monitor your blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure. Regular checkups can help you stay ahead.
Consider Medical Intervention: Sometimes, doctors might give prescriptions for medications such as Metformin that will assist in controlling the level of sugar in blood as well as enhancing insulin sensitivity.

Conclusion

Prediabetes is a wake-up call, not a life sentence. If you see fatigue, unclear sight, or some dark spots on the skin, you should understand that it’s high time for you to do something and prevent the occurrence of diabetes. By paying attention to these symptoms and taking proactive steps, like visiting a nearby hospital for a diagnosis, you can safeguard your health.

Introduction

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, but the good news is that many types of cancer can be prevented through healthy lifestyle choices. According to experts, about 30–50% of cancers could be prevented through healthy lifestyle modifications.

While significant progress has been made in treatments, such as chemotherapy, surgical oncology, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, prevention is always preferred.

A few simple adjustments in daily life can dramatically reduce cancer risk and enhance general well-being.

In this article, we shall discuss ten lifestyle changes that you can make to reduce the risk of cancer and lead a longer, healthier life.

1. Live Smoke-Free

Smoking is the single largest preventable cause of cancer worldwide. It is associated not only with lung cancer but also with cancers of the mouth, throat, oesophagus, bladder, etc.

Stopping smoking or never starting it at all is one of the most significant steps you can take toward cancer prevention. Even if you've smoked for a long time, it is still possible to reduce cancer risk by quitting this habit.

Tip: Seek support programs or nicotine replacement therapies if you need help quitting.

2. Eat a Balanced, Healthy Diet

Dietary choices may impact your health and cancer risk. An excellent immune system protects the body against cellular damage, so high consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins favours such an immune system.

Fibre-rich foods like beans and lentils help lower cancer risk, especially that of colorectal cancers. Additionally, limited consumption of processed food and red meat and a predominance of plant foods greatly reduce cancer risk.

Healthy Picks: Broccoli, berries, tomatoes, carrots, and green leafy vegetables.

3. Limit Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol is a known risk factor for several types of cancer, including breast, liver, mouth, and colon cancers. The less alcohol you drink, the lower your cancer risk.

If you choose to drink, limit yourself to no more than one drink per day for women and two for men.

Fun Fact: Non-alcoholic beverages and mocktails are trending and can be just as satisfying without the risks!

4. Stay Physically Active

Exercise not only contributes to healthy weight maintenance but also contributes significantly to the maintenance of the hormonal balance in the body. Regular exercise helps prevent chronic inflammation and hormone imbalance, which increase the risk of cancer development.

Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous activity every week. Some examples of such activities would be walking, swimming, cycling, or practising yoga.

Bonus: Physical activity can also help improve your energy levels and mood.

5. Maintain a Healthy Weight

Being overweight or obese is linked to a higher risk of several cancers, including breast, colon, kidney, and pancreatic cancers. Being overweight can lead to chronic inflammation and hormonal imbalances that promote cancer development.

Combining a balanced diet with regular physical activity is key to reaching and maintaining a healthy weight.

Tip: Even losing a small amount of weight (5–10% of your body weight) can have significant health benefits.

6. Protect Yourself from the Sun

Skin cancer is likely the most common cancer and also the most preventable.

Most importantly, protect your skin with shade, protective clothing, and broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. Avoid indoor tanning beds, which can also increase your cancer risk.

Quick Reminder: Reapply sunscreen every two hours, especially after swimming or sweating.

7. Get Vaccinated

Some viruses, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B, can cause increased cancer risk.

Vaccination for these viruses can aid in cancer prevention in the cervix, liver, and elsewhere. Discuss with your healthcare provider the vaccine recommendations for your age and lifestyle.

Pro Tip: Vaccines are an important part of cancer prevention — not just for kids but for adults too.

8. Schedule Regular Health Screenings

Early detection saves lives. Regular cancer screenings, such as mammograms, colonoscopies, and Pap smears, can catch cancer early, when it’s most treatable. In some cases, screenings can help detect precancerous conditions before they turn into cancer.

Action Step: Work with your doctor to create a personalised screening schedule based on your risk factors.

Cancer Screening Packages at HCG: Cancer Screening - HCG Hospitals

9. Reduce Exposure to Environmental Toxins

Exposure to harmful chemicals at home or work, like asbestos, radon, and certain pesticides, can increase cancer risk. Exposure to hazardous chemicals is linked to blood cancers, bone cancers, and other types of cancer. In such cases, timely diagnosis and interventions like blood cancer treatments or bone cancer treatments are essential.

Take precautions by using protective gear, ensuring proper ventilation, and following safety guidelines when handling hazardous materials.

Simple Change: Switch to eco-friendly cleaning products and test your home for radon.

10. Manage Stress Effectively

Chronic stress doesn't directly cause cancer, but it can lead to unhealthy behaviours such as smoking, overeating, or drinking alcohol, all of which increase cancer risk.

Managing stress through activities like meditation, deep breathing exercises, journaling, or hobbies can promote a healthier lifestyle and indirectly contribute to cancer prevention.

Feel-Good Tip: Even spending 10 minutes a day outdoors can reduce stress levels significantly.

Takeaways

Lowering your cancer risk doesn’t mean making huge changes overnight. Small, consistent lifestyle changes for cancer prevention can have a significant cumulative impact.

Refraining from tobacco consumption, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, limiting alcohol, and protecting yourself from the sun are all powerful tools in your cancer prevention toolbox. These choices not only lower cancer risk but also boost your energy, improve your mood, and enhance your overall health.

Conclusion

Cancer prevention is in your hands more than you might realise. While no method guarantees 100% protection against cancer, taking proactive steps through healthy lifestyle changes can greatly reduce your cancer risk.

It's never too early or too late to start making positive changes. Remember, every small decision you make toward a healthier life is a step toward a future with lower cancer risk. Prioritise yourself today for a healthier, brighter tomorrow.

Introduction

Experiencing ear pain during a cold is a common yet frustrating issue. Although cold mainly affects breathing, it may also cause problems in the ears, leading to pain and temporary hearing loss in some cases.

Understanding the ear pain causes and exploring effective ear pain treatment options can help alleviate the discomfort and prevent complications.

In this article, we will discuss why a cold can lead to ear pain, medical treatments, home remedies, and when to see a specialist for persistent issues.

Why Can a Cold Cause an Earache?

When you have a cold, your nasal passages become congested due to inflammation and excess mucus production. This congestion can lead to:

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: The Eustachian tube is a passage that links the middle ear to the back of the mouth. It helps in controlling the pressure of the ear. Inflammation during a cold may increase pressure and cause pain.
Fluid Accumulation: If the Eustachian tube is blocked, fluid cannot be drained, and this will cause a stuffy and painful feeling in the ear.
Secondary Infections: In some cases, bacteria or viruses can infect the trapped fluid in the middle ear, leading to an ear infection.
Increased Sinus Pressure: Sinus congestion and inflammation can put pressure on the ears, causing pain and temporary hearing difficulties.

Medical Treatment for Ear Pain Due to a Cold

If your ear pain during a cold is severe or persistent, seeking medical attention is advisable. Treatment options include:

Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help relieve pain and inflammation.
Decongestants: Nasal decongestants like pseudoephedrine or oxymetazoline (nasal sprays) can reduce swelling in the nasal passages, improving Eustachian tube function.
Antibiotics: If the ear pain is due to a bacterial infection, a specialist may prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection.
Ear drops: In some cases, medicated ear drops may be recommended to soothe discomfort and reduce inflammation.

Home Remedies to Ease Ear Pain from a Cold

For mild ear pain reasons associated with a cold, home remedies can provide relief:

Steam Inhalation: Inhaling steam can help open nasal passages and reduce ear pressure.
Warm Compress: Applying a warm cloth to the affected ear can alleviate pain and promote fluid drainage.
Chewing Gum or Yawning: These actions help equalise pressure in the ears, reducing discomfort.
Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids helps thin mucus, preventing blockages in the Eustachian tube.
Saline Nasal Spray: A saline spray can help clear nasal congestion, improving Eustachian tube function.
Rest and Elevation: Keeping your head elevated while sleeping can prevent mucus buildup and improve drainage.

Also Read: Hemiplegic Migraine: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and How It Differs from a Stroke

When to See a Doctor

While ear pain during a cold often resolves on its own, there are situations where medical attention is necessary. Visit a specialist if you experience:

Severe or worsening ear pain
Fever above 101°F (38.3°C)
Fluid or pus draining from the ear
Hearing loss or a blocked sensation lasting more than a week
Dizziness or balance issues

Also Read: What Causes Migraines in Females? Key Triggers, Hormonal Factors, and Prevention Tips

Diagnosing Ear Pain

A specialist can perform several diagnostic tests to identify the cause of your ear pain:

Otoscopy: A doctor examines the ear canal and eardrum for signs of infection or fluid buildup.
Tympanometry: It measures middle ear function and detects fluid accumulation.
Hearing tests: These tests assess if the cold has affected your hearing ability.

If you are looking for a top ENT hospital in India with experienced specialists, please reach out to HCG Hospitals today.

Conclusion

Ear pain during a cold is often caused by congestion and inflammation affecting the Eustachian tubes. While home remedies and over-the-counter treatments can provide relief, persistent or severe pain may require medical intervention.

What is a Hernia?

A hernia occurs when an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weak point in a muscle or connective tissue. Although they may occur anywhere, hernias are usually seen in the belly and lower abdomen.

Hernias, especially when they are small, do not cause any pain in most cases. However, as they grow, they start causing pain, and hence, prompt detection and timely treatment become necessary.

Hernias can happen to anyone, young or old. They may be either congenital or acquired as a result of stress and muscle laxity.

Also, not all hernias need immediate attention. However, if left untreated, some hernias may cause problems like blockage or strangulation, which is the turning off of the blood supply from the herniated organ, leading to tissue death.

Sometimes, hernias that are not treated may cause long-lasting pain and lack of movement, impacting daily activities and overall well-being.

Also Read: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

Types of Hernia

There are several types of hernias, each affecting different areas of the body:

Inguinal hernia: This type of hernia affects men more than women. It occurs when the intestinal parts protrude into the groin through the weaker abdominal wall. It constitutes about 70% of all hernias.
Femoral hernia: It forms at the top of the thigh, close to the groin, and affects females more. Although not as frequent as inguinal hernias, they can lead to serious complications if left untreated.
Umbilical Hernia: A bulge develops close to the navel when a part of the gut pushes out through the belly wall. This condition is common among children at birth but may also affect grown-ups, particularly those who are overweight or have had multiple pregnancies.
Hiatal hernia: It occurs when a section of the stomach moves up through the diaphragm into the chest. This condition usually causes symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux and problems with swallowing.
Incisional hernia: It occurs at the site of a previous surgical incision where the abdominal wall remains weak. These hernias can enlarge over time, requiring hernia surgery.
Epigastric hernia: It forms between the belly button and the lower part of the ribcage, and it is caused by a gap in the abdominal muscles. It often appears as a small lump that can cause discomfort.
Spigelian hernia: It develops along the side of the abdominal muscles and is relatively rare. Due to their location, these hernias can be harder to diagnose.

Signs and Symptoms of Hernia

Common hernia symptoms include:

A noticeable bulge in the affected area that increases in size when standing or straining
Pain or discomfort, especially when lifting objects, coughing, or bending over
A burning or aching sensation at the hernia site
Symptoms of acid reflux, heartburn, or difficulty swallowing (in the case of a hiatal hernia)
Weakness, pressure, or heaviness in the abdomen or groin
Nausea, vomiting, or bowel obstruction in severe cases
Changes in bowel movements, such as constipation or bloating, particularly in cases of larger hernias

In most cases, patients do not experience any hernia symptoms early on. However, if the hernia grows or becomes strangulated, emergency medical attention may become necessary.

What Causes a Hernia?

Hernias are caused by a combination of muscle weakness and strain. The following factors can contribute to hernia development:

Congenital defects present at birth, leading to weaker muscles
Heavy lifting without proper technique increases intra-abdominal pressure
Persistent coughing or sneezing due to respiratory conditions like chronic bronchitis or smoking
Obesity puts excessive pressure on the abdominal muscles
Pregnancy, due to increased abdominal pressure and stretching of muscles
Previous surgeries have weakened the abdominal wall
Chronic constipation leads to excessive straining during bowel movements
Ageing, as muscle tissues lose strength and elasticity over time

Also Read: Placental Abruption: Symptoms, Causes, and Signs of Abruptio Placentae Explained

Diagnosing a Hernia: Tests and Examinations

Doctors diagnose hernias through a combination of physical exams and imaging tests:

Physical Examination: The doctor may feel the bulge and ask the patient to cough or strain to observe changes. This is usually sufficient for diagnosing external hernias.
Ultrasound: This test helps visualise soft tissue and detect hernias, especially in children and pregnant women.
CT scan: It provides detailed images to identify internal hernias and complications, particularly in cases where physical exams are inconclusive.
MRI Scan: It is used in specific cases where more detailed imaging is necessary, particularly for deep or complex hernias.
Endoscopy: It involves inserting a small camera through the throat to examine the oesophagus and stomach in cases of hiatal hernia. This test helps detect acid reflux and associated complications.

Hernia Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the type, size, and severity of hernia symptoms. The following are the different treatment options for a hernia:

Watchful Waiting: Small, asymptomatic hernias may not require immediate intervention but should be monitored regularly to detect any changes.
Lifestyle Changes: Dietary modifications, weight management, and avoiding heavy lifting can help manage hernia symptoms and prevent the worsening of a hernia.
Medications: Acid-reducing medications may be prescribed for hiatal hernias to alleviate symptoms of acid reflux. However, they do not cure the hernia itself.
Hernia Surgery: The most effective hernia treatment involves surgical repair, which can be done using:
- Open Surgery: A traditional procedure involving a larger incision to repair the hernia with stitches or mesh. It is often used for large or complicated hernias.
- Laparoscopic Surgery: A minimally invasive approach using small incisions and a camera-guided technique for faster recovery, reduced pain, and minimal scarring.
- Robotic Surgery: A more advanced form of hernia surgery offering enhanced precision and control, reducing the risk of complications.

Many people opt for hernia surgery with mesh because, besides cutting down the chances for the sickness to return, it also gives extra strength.

The patient will get back to his normal routine in about two to three weeks after undergoing some specific care following surgery.

Conclusion

Hernias are common conditions that can range from mild to severe. Understanding the different types, causes, symptoms, and hernia treatment options is essential for early detection and management.

If you suspect a hernia, consult a specialist for a detailed evaluation. HCG Hospitals, a leading multispeciality hospital in India, has dedicated specialists for effective hernia management.

Hernia surgery remains the most effective solution for symptomatic hernias, ensuring long-term relief and preventing complications.

Hernias may not always be fatal, but they can affect how someone lives. If you see a doctor as soon as possible, it will be easier to control any symptoms of hernia, and this may also stop any dangerous problems like strangulation or bowel blockages from occurring.

Due to advanced hernia surgery techniques and better medical care, hernia treatment is now safer and works better, enabling patients to recover quickly and have improved outcomes. To reduce the risk of hernia formation, it is important to take preventive measures like managing one's weight, avoiding too much pressure, and strengthening the core muscles.

What is a Haemorrhage?

Haemorrhage is a term used to describe too much blood loss due to injury or bursting of blood vessels; this bleeding may be inside or outside the body, depending on whether it remains concealed or can be seen.

Although minor bleeding is not dangerous, massive bleeding can cause problems such as organ failure, coma, or even death. Brain haemorrhage, in particular, requires immediate medical attention as it can cause neurological damage.

The seriousness of a haemorrhage is determined by different factors, such as the quantity of blood lost, where the bleeding is, and how fast it happens.

The body can make up for a little blood loss. However, too much bleeding may lead to hypovolemic shock, a dangerous illness characterised by organ failure as a result of inadequate circulation.

What are the Different Types of Haemorrhage?

Haemorrhages are classified based on their location and severity. The primary types include:

Internal Haemorrhage: Blood may flow internally following injury or due to certain illnesses like aneurysms.
External Haemorrhage: Blood can be seen coming out of the body through cuts, injuries, or operations.
Brain Haemorrhage: It is a severe form of internal bleeding that is commonly associated with stroke, hypertension, or trauma.
Gastrointestinal (GI) Haemorrhage: There is bleeding in the digestive system, which may result from ulcers, infections, or some drugs.
Postpartum Haemorrhage: This refers to the blood loss that occurs immediately after childbirth in mothers, and it may even cause death if not managed on time.
Pulmonary Haemorrhage: Blood coming out of the lungs as a result of infections, injuries, or diseases like tuberculosis.
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: A particular form of brain haemorrhage that happens beneath the brain and its delicate envelopes, usually causing abrupt, intense head pain.

Also Read: Brain Aneurysm, Its Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Symptoms of Haemorrhage

The symptoms of haemorrhage depend on its location and severity. Common signs of haemorrhage include:

Internal Haemorrhage
- Dizziness or fainting
- Rapid heartbeat
- Low blood pressure
- Swelling or pain in the affected areas
- Pale or clammy skin
- Cold extremities due to poor circulation

External Haemorrhage
- Visible bleeding from wounds
- Blood in urine, stool, or vomit
- Persistent bleeding that does not stop with pressure
- Weakness or fatigue due to blood loss

Brain Haemorrhage
- Sudden, severe headache
- Vision disturbances
- Weakness or numbness in limbs
- Difficulty speaking or confusion
- Loss of consciousness
- Seizures or difficulty maintaining balance

Causes of Haemorrhage

Several factors can contribute to haemorrhages, including:

Trauma and Injuries: The bursting of blood vessels may occur due to accidents, falls, or issues arising from an operation.
High Blood Pressure: Continually high blood pressure makes blood vessels weaker and increases the risk of brain haemorrhage.
Blood Disorders: Hemophilia and leukemia are illnesses that make blood not clot properly, thus causing too much bleeding.
Aneurysms and Vascular Abnormalities: If blood vessels are weak or have not developed well, they may break without any warning signs.
Medications: Anticoagulants may heighten the chances of bleeding.
Liver Conditions: Clotting depends on the liver function, which is disturbed in hepatopathies, causing hypoprothrombinemia.
Gastrointestinal Conditions: Ulcers, infections, and cancers can cause bleeding in the digestive tract.
Alcohol Abuse: Chronic alcohol consumption can weaken blood vessels and impair clotting, making individuals more susceptible to haemorrhages.

Diagnosis and Tests for Haemorrhage

Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial in managing haemorrhages effectively. Those having signs or symptoms of haemorrhages should visit a good multispeciality hospital in India for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Physical Examination: It involves evaluating symptoms, checking for external bleeding, and assessing vital signs.
Blood tests: They involve checking blood clotting ability, platelet count, and haemoglobin levels.
Imaging Tests:
- CT scan or MRI: These imaging methods help specialists locate the site of the brain haemorrhage and internal bleeding and determine the severity.
- Ultrasound: It helps visualise internal bleeding, especially in pregnant women.
- Endoscopy/colonoscopy: It examines the digestive tract for GI bleeding sources.
Angiography: This is a type of imaging test that uses contrast dye to detect abnormalities in blood vessels, particularly useful in diagnosing aneurysms.

Effective Management and Haemorrhage Treatment Options

The treatment of haemorrhage depends on its severity and underlying cause. Common approaches include:

1. First Aid for External Haemorrhage:

1. Apply direct pressure to the wound to stop bleeding.
2. Elevate the affected area if possible.
3. Use a clean cloth or bandage to prevent infection.
4. Apply a tourniquet only in extreme cases where bleeding is uncontrollable.

2. Medical Treatments:

Medications:

Blood transfusions are recommended for severe blood loss.
Vitamin K or clotting factor replacement for bleeding disorders.
Reversal agents for anticoagulant-induced bleeding.

2. Surgical Interventions:

Craniotomy or Burr Hole Surgery: This procedure removes blood clots and relieves pressure caused by brain haemorrhages.
Endovascular Coiling or Clipping: This is a minimally invasive procedure recommended to prevent aneurysms from bursting or causing internal bleeding.
Cauterisation or Endoscopic Clipping: This is a procedure that involves sealing blood vessels or closing wounds to control bleeding in the GI tract.
Laparotomy: This is a surgical procedure that directly accesses the abdominal cavity to locate and treat internal bleeding.

3.Lifestyle and Preventive Measures:
To control high blood pressure to prevent strokes and brain haemorrhage.
To avoid blood-thinning medications unless prescribed.
To undergo regular medical checkups to detect and manage conditions early.
To maintain a healthy diet and stay hydrated to support blood health.

Also Read: Neurosurgery in Brain Stroke Treatment by HCG Hospitals

What are the Signs of a Haemorrhage Medical Emergency?

Certain signs of haemorrhage indicate the need for immediate medical attention. Seek emergency care if you experience:

Uncontrolled bleeding that does not stop with pressure
Sudden severe headache with vision problems or confusion
Fainting, dizziness, or a significant drop in blood pressure
Blood in vomit, urine, or stool
Difficulty breathing or extreme weakness
Seizures, loss of coordination, or unconsciousness

Delaying medical intervention in such cases can be life-threatening, and immediate treatment in a hospital setting is essential. HCG Hospitals is a leading multispeciality hospital in India that has an experienced team of specialists to manage haemorrhages and their complications.

Conclusion

Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the effective management of haemorrhages. Regardless of whether it is due to injury, hypertension, or other illnesses, urgent medical treatment can avert fatal problems. Knowing the signs of haemorrhage and when to seek emergency care can prevent deaths. Call an ambulance without delay if you or someone you know shows any signs of bleeding. Taking precautions such as having a healthy lifestyle and going for medical tests often can lower the chances of haemorrhages in the brain and improve overall well-being.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is pulmonology?

Pulmonology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD, bronchitis, and pneumonia to promote optimal lung health and function.

2. What conditions do pulmonologists treat?

Pulmonologists treat conditions such as asthma, COPD, bronchitis, interstitial lung disease, tuberculosis, pulmonary hypertension and sleep disorders and provide comprehensive care for various lung and respiratory disorders.

3. What are the signs that I need to see a pulmonologist in Rajkot?

Persistent cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest pain, and coughing up blood are indications that you should consult a pulmonologist in Rajkot for diagnosis and effective treatment of respiratory conditions.

4. How can HCG Hospitals help with tuberculosis treatment?

HCG Hospitals provide primary care for TB, accurate diagnosis, specialised treatment plans, and long-term medications, ensuring complete recovery and prevention of infection-related complications.

5. How do I know if I have an allergy or asthma?

Symptoms such as wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath indicate asthma or whooping cough. A pulmonologist can conduct tests to distinguish between asthma and allergies, which guides appropriate treatment. Looking for a leading pulmonologist in Rajkot? Visit HCG Hospitals today.

6. What makes HCG Hospitals the best pulmonology and allergy hospital in Rajkot?

HCG Hospitals in Rajkot is known for its modern diagnostic and treatment facilities, expert care and personalised treatments. Their team of specialists ensures effective treatment of lung conditions and allergies, and this makes HCG the best pulmonology and allergy hospital in Rajkot.

7. What should I expect during a lung function test?

During the lung function test, you will be asked to breathe into a machine that measures ventilation and lung capacity. It helps diagnose conditions such as asthma, COPD, or lung diseases.